Friday, July 12, 2013

Glass making in Mesopotamia (document based)

A good way of looking at history is by looking at the written records of the people of the time Cuneiform has been found that describes glassmaking in Mesopotamia:

One group of clay tablets detailing glassmaking is from the library of King Assurbanipal (668-627 B.C.) and is currently housed in the British Museum. Part of the translation of the tablets (from Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia by Leo Oppenheim) is below.
“When you set up the foundation of kiln to make glass, you first search in a favorable month for a propitious day, and only then you set up the foundation of the kiln. As soon as you have completely finished in the building of the kiln, and you go and place Kubu-images there, no outsider or stranger should enter the building thereafter; an unclean person must not even pass in front of the images. You regularly perform libation offerings before the Kubu-images. On the day when you plan to place the glass in the kiln, you make a sheep sacrifice before the Kubu-images, you place juniper incense on the censer, you pour out a libation of honey and liquid butter, and then only, you make a fire in the hearth of the kiln and place the glass in the kiln…
If you want to produce zagindurû-colored [greenish type of lapis lazuli] glass, you finely grind, separately, ten minas [about one pound] of immanakku-stone [sand], fifteen minas of naga-plant ashes, and 1 2/3 minas of 'white plant.' You mix these together. You put them into a cold kiln which has four fire openings, and arrange the mixture between the four openings… You keep a good and smokeless fire burning until the glass glows golden yellow. You pour it on a kiln-fired brick and this is called zukû-glass.
You place ten minas of “slow” copper-compound in a clean dabtu-pan. You put it into a hot chamber kiln… You crush and grind finely ten minas of zukû -glass. You open the door of the kiln and throw the ground glass upon the copper compound…When the glass assumes the color of ripe grapes, you keep it boiling for a time…After it has become yellow [hot], you observe some drops forming at the tip of the rake. If the glass is homogeneous, you pour it inside the kiln in a new dabtu-pan, and out of the cooled-off kiln emerges zagindurû-colored glass.” (http://www.cmog.org/article/origins-glassmaking)


What does this document tell about society in Mesopotamia?
Was the process of glassmaking just a technical process? Why do you think this is?
What does the ability to make glass tell you about Mesopotamian society?

1 comment:

  1. What does this document tell about society in Mesopotamia?
    This document tells us that they understood how to make glass but also thought that there was superstitious stuff too. i don't think strangers would effect making the glass.

    Was the process of glassmaking just a technical process? No because they placed Kubu images in the kiln and since they did sacrifices there was a spiritual ascect to the glass making.
    Why do you think this is? I think it was because they were a very spiritual people so they incorporated it into the process.
    What does the ability to make glass tell you about Mesopotamian society?
    I think it makes them more advanced. It takes a lot of skill to make glass and even more that they figured out how to make it.

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